Something that I have not come to an acceptable understanding of is 'does it matter?'.
I'll consign a vast percentage of my spending into the 'Yes' category without much comment here: food and drink. Alaskan salmon require the climate and conditions of that region to taste the way they do. Local produce tastes the way it does due to the soil and climate. Wines made from the same grape variety but different locations can taste entirely different. Mentioning terroir sounds wine-snobby, but that does not mean it doesn't exist. And that character makes a compelling case for spending money on one type of product over another. But does it exist everywhere?
By percentage the next largest amount of outgoing money is probably clothing. Think of a common men's button down cotton shirt. It is used everyday, wears out eventually and has to be replaced reasonably often. Does it matter if a shirt is sewed in your city or country? Does it matter if the cotton was grown locally, or if the fabric was woven locally? If a shirt is grown, woven and sewn in your country is it worth a price premium solely for that fact? If a shirt, in total, costs a company $10 to get it to their store, does it matter if $2 goes to the fabric producer and $2 goes to the tailoring company, then the remaining $6 to ship it around the world. Would it be a better decision to spend $4 on fabric and $4 on tailoring then $2 on logistics if that would mean that the shirt is produced in the same country where it is sold? Does that make for a stronger economy in the home market? If there is a price premium to produce locally how much... 10 percent or 50 percent... I'd like to think the shortest path between origin and eventual sale is the most efficient, but know that is probably not the case. In my experience though quality is independent of price and country of origin. Certain manufacturers exercise more strict control over the construction of their shirts - it's that simple. But would it be more sustainable to manufacture with those same quality controls in the same country where the products are sold? The US is a huge global producer of cotton and should have abundant labor.
Are there any pieces of clothing which have, to go back a step, terroir, which would justify the price premium to come from a specific location? Take for example a pair of denim blue jeans: does the popularity of jeans stem from their comfort or utility, or does it come from their history of association with egalitarian American physical labor? If the later would it be then pastiche for them to be sourced from a tropical country with no history of wearing denim and then worn in climate controlled cubicles where the job does not demand the same qualities as originally made denim pants useful?
As is the usual with these thoughts... no conclusions... feel free to add any opinions...